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Secondary source

White Coolies

Author
Betty Jeffrey

Betty Jeffrey’s *White Coolies* is a firsthand account of the Australian Army nurses imprisoned by the Japanese in Sumatra from 1942 to 1945. Based on her wartime diary, it records the women’s hunger, disease, forced labour and repeated transfers between camps, as well as the courage, humour and mutual support that helped them survive.

Secondary source

The invasion of the Dutch East Indies

Author
Edited and translated by Willem Remmelink

Between 1966 and 1980, the War History Office of the National Defense College of Japan published the 102-volume Senshi Sōsho (War History Series). These volumes give a detailed account of the operations of the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Second World War. This book, vol. 3 of the series, describes in depth the campaign to gain control over the Indonesian archipelago. (copyright: the Corts Foundation)

Secondary source

Beyond the pale: Dutch extreme violence in the Indonesian war of independence 1945-1949

Author
Gert Oostindie
Ben Schoenmaker
Frank van Vree

Between 1945 and 1949, Indonesia defended its recently declared independence, and the Netherlands waged its last major colonial war. Much is now
known about this war, but a great deal has also remained unclear or contested. At the end of 2016, the second Rutte cabinet decided to finance a broad-based study on the Dutch military conduct during this conflict. This book presents the conclusions of that study.

Secondary source

Isles of the East: An illustrated guide to Australia, Papua, Java, Sumatra etc

Author
Royal Packet Steam Navigation Company

In presenting to the reader the first edition of Isles of the East, it is hoped that its pages may prove of interest to those, who seek information regarding Java and the Dutch Indies generally, as a pleasure resort on the one hand, and as a country offering exceptional commercial opportunities, on the other.

Secondary source

Prelude to the Monsoon: Assignment in Sumatra

Author
Gideon F. Jacobs

Through the eyes of young Major Jacobs, a full view emerges of the "boiling cauldron" that was Sumatra in 1945. In spite of the official Allied victory, Jacobs had to attempt to rule Sumatra using the existing Japanese military structure until British relief arrived.

Secondary source

Battle for Palembang

Author
Terence Kelly

An account of the Allied defence of Palembang, Sumatra, against the Japanese invasion in February 1942, focusing on the strategically vital Pladjoe and Soengei Gerong oil refineries, the Japanese airborne assault, and the desperate Allied attempts to defend and destroy the installations before withdrawing from southern Sumatra.

Secondary source

Challenge to terror

Author
Raymond ('Turk') Westerling

Raymond Westerling’s Challenge to Terror is his account of his military career in the Netherlands East Indies during the Indonesian struggle for independence. It describes his counter-insurgency operations in South Sulawesi and Sumatra, including the controversial methods used by forces under his command against suspected Republican guerrillas. Written from Westerling’s own perspective, the book presents his justification for these methods and his interpretation of the violence and political upheaval surrounding the Indonesian Revolution.

Secondary source

Revolusi: Indonesia and the birth of the Modern World

Author
David van Reybrouck

David Van Reybrouck’s *Revolusi* traces Indonesia’s struggle for independence from Dutch colonial rule, the Japanese occupation and the revolution of 1945–49. Drawing on extensive research and eyewitness testimony, it places the conflict within the wider history of colonialism, nationalism and global decolonisation.

Secondary source

On Radji Beach

Author
Ian Shaw

Ian Shaw’s *On Radji Beach* recounts the sinking of the *Vyner Brooke* and the massacre of Australian Army nurses and other survivors by Japanese troops on Bangka Island in February 1942. Centred on sole nurse survivor Vivian Bullwinkel, it examines the victims’ ordeal, the evidence surrounding the killings and the enduring legacy of the massacre.