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Post-war Asia

The Second World War marked the beginning of a new era in Australia’s relations with Asia. This topic explores the occupation of Japan, the war crimes trials, the end of European colonialism, the Indonesian Revolution and Australia’s growing role in the region.

Blog post

The 'Black Armada' - Australian boycott of Dutch ships in 1945

  • Hands off our allies Indonesians
Australia’s relationship with Indonesia was transformed during the Second World War. Before 1942, most Australians knew little about the Netherlands East Indies or the realities of Dutch colonial rule. The arrival of thousands of Indonesians in Australia during the war, combined with labour disputes, union activism and growing support for Indonesian independence, brought Australians into direct contact with colonialism and revolution on their doorstep.
Blog post

Australia's first war crime trials

  • asdas
Between November 1945 and February 1946, on the island of Morotai, Australia convened some of the first war crimes trials in the Pacific. These tribunals prosecuted Japanese officers and soldiers accused of atrocities against Australian prisoners of war, confronting unique legal and logistical challenges.
Book

Ashes and Sakura: an Australian story of the making of a Pacific nation

Set against the remote Pacific island of Morotai and the ruins of postwar Japan at war’s end, Ashes and Sakura follows Tom Darcy, a young Australian soldier serving with the British Commonwealth occupation forces in Japan after the Second World War. As he encounters the devastation of a defeated nation and forms unexpected bonds with those on the other side of the conflict, the novel explores war, memory, love and reconciliation.

Newspaper article

NATIVE RIOTS IN JAVA

The article reports growing unrest in Batavia following Japan's surrender, as Indonesian nationalists demanded an independent republic under Soekarno. Indonesian demonstrators attempted to enter the Tjidang women's internment camp, which was defended jointly by Allied personnel and Japanese guards. The article describes increasing displays of the new Indonesian red-and-white flag, political demonstrations and violence, while Japanese forces remained temporarily responsible for maintaining order.
 

1945 'NATIVE RIOTS IN JAVA:', The Sun News-Pictorial (Melbourne, Vic. : 1922 - 1954; 1956), 21 septembre, p. 24. , viewed 10 août 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article278623595
Newspaper article

Black ban on dutch mercy ships

NEI Information Service deny that supplies for the suppression of the Indonesian people were carried aboard Dutch ships in Australian ports.

1945 '"BLACK" BAN ON DUTCH MERCY SHIPS', The Townsville Daily Bulletin (Qld. : 1907 - 1909 ; 1912 - 1966), 25 septembre, p. 1. , viewed 22 juil. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62861408
Newspaper article

Emotional scenes as Indonesians leave for home on the Esperance

Indonesian dockworkers and seamen who worked in Australia during the war embark on the Esperance Bay to be taken to Java.

https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/from-the-archives-1945-emotional-scenes-as-indonesians-leave-for-home-20201005-p5625g.html
Newspaper article

Esperance Bay leaves Brisbane

Esperance Bay leaves Brisbane with >1400 Indonesians destined for Java at the end of the war.

1945 '1416 SAILED IN ESPERANCE BAY', The Courier-Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1933 - 1954), 17 octobre, p. 1. , viewed 02 juin 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article50272444
Newspaper article

Esperance Bay Enquiry Urged

Faddin demands that Chifley open an inquiry into a mutiny on the Esperance Bay

1945 'Esperance Bay Enquiry Urged', The Telegraph (Brisbane, Qld. : 1872 - 1947), 6 novembre, p. 3. (CITY FINAL LAST MINUTE NEWS), viewed 01 juin 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article188751565
Newspaper article

The Esperance Bay Mutiny - allegations of smuggled arms

Allegations by Daily Mail correspondent that Indonesians smuggled arms on board Esperance Bay.

1945 'THE ESPERANCE BAY MUTINY.', The Braidwood Review and District Advocate (NSW : 1914 - 1954), 6 novembre, p. 2. , viewed 01 juin 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article119372712
Newspaper article

Esperance Bay 'Double Cross'

Esperance Bay docks at Timor as Mountbatten is unable to ensure safe conduct in Java for 40 activist Indonesians on board despite assurances from Australian government.

1945 'Esperance Bay ‘Double Cross’', Tribune (Sydney, NSW : 1939 - 1991), 6 novembre, p. 8. , viewed 02 juin 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article208696299
Newspaper article

Esperance Bay Story Denied

Calwell denies that the Indonesians protest on the Esperance Bay was a mutiny - no lives were in danger.

1945 'ESPERANCE BAY STORY DENIED', The Evening Advocate (Innisfail, Qld. : 1941 - 1954), 6 novembre, p. 1. , viewed 01 juin 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article212283731
Newspaper article

Trouble On Esperance Bay Explained

Indonesians aboard Esperance Bay protested when 40 potential leaders were compelled to disembark in Timor rather than Java.

1945 'Trouble On Esperance Bay Explained', The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), 6 novembre, p. 3. , viewed 02 juin 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27920168
Newspaper article

NO MUTINY ON ESPERANCE BAY

K. Plumb, government minister who travelled on Esperance Bay, denies that a mutiny took place at Timor.

1945 'NO MUTINY ON ESPERANCE BAY', Advocate (Burnie, Tas. : 1890 - 1954), 9 novembre, p. 1. (Edition 2), viewed 02 juin 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article69098489
Video

Indonesia calling - Joris Ivens, 1946

Indonesia Calling is a 1946 Australian short documentary film directed by Joris Ivens and produced by the then Waterside Workers' Federation.

Producer
Waterside Workers' Federation
Newspaper article

Occupation of Japan - British Empire Force

Lieutenant-General Northcott said the British Commonwealth Occupation Force in Japan would have significant responsibilities, including supervising the disposal of Japanese war materials and directing Japanese labour. He praised the high standard of Australian troops and said details of the force's duties would soon be announced, with its responsibilities to be determined under General MacArthur's command.

1946 'OCCUPATION OF JAPAN', The Toowoomba Chronicle and Darling Downs Gazette (Qld. : 1922 - 1965), 29 janvier, p. 5. , viewed 30 juil. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article286116030
Newspaper article

Dutch Boycott Stupid

Two Labor members returning from NEI see that the black ban on Dutch shipping is harming Indonesian natives and Dutch civilians.

1946 'Dutch Boycott Stupid', Daily Mercury (Mackay, Qld. : 1906 - 1954), 4 février, p. 1. , viewed 23 avr. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article171133932
Newspaper article

Occupation force's activities

Lieutenant-General Northcott reported that the British Commonwealth Occupation Force had made significant progress during its first two months in Japan. Its work included restoring essential services, repairing ports and airfields, employing thousands of Japanese labourers, recovering military stores, improving communications, and locating munitions for destruction, while demonstrating the effectiveness of Commonwealth cooperation.

1946 'OCCUPATION FORCE'S ACTIVITIES', The Mercury (Hobart, Tas. : 1860 - 1954), 9 avril, p. 2. , viewed 30 juil. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26180117
Newspaper article

Boycott of Dutch ships - requested to continue

Indonesian premier will not ask Australian unions to lift ban on Dutch shipping until the Netherlands stops the economic blockade of Indonesia

1947 'BOYCOTT OF DUTCH SHIPS', Advocate (Burnie, Tas. : 1890 - 1954), 31 mars, p. 1. , viewed 23 avr. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article68995321
Newspaper article

Dutch Ships Again Black

A temporary ban on two Dutch ships imposed in Brisbane and Adelaide.

1947 'DUTCH SHIPS AGAIN BLACK', The Courier-Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1933 - 1954), 22 juillet, p. 1. , viewed 22 juil. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49329623
Newspaper article

Boycott on Dutch Ships encouraged to continue

Third Congress of Indonesian Railway Labourers request Australian black ban on Dutch shipping to continue.

1948 'Boycott On Dutch Ships', Daily Examiner (Grafton, NSW : 1915 - 1954), 2 juillet, p. 1. , viewed 23 avr. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article194153382
Newspaper article

Dutch boycott reception

Dutch minister to Australia boycotted reception celebrating third anniversary of founding of Indonesian Republic.

1948 'DUTCH BOYCOTT RECEPTION', Border Morning Mail (Albury, NSW : 1934 - 1935; 1938 - 1954), 18 août, p. 1. , viewed 23 avr. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article263781612
Newspaper article

Seamen will boycott Dutch ships

Mass meeting of Seamen's Union in Melbourne vote to continue black ban of Dutch shipping.

1948 'SEAMEN WILL BOYCOTT DUTCH SHIPS', The Riverine Herald (Echuca, Vic. : Moama, NSW : 1869 - 1954; 1998 - 2002), 30 décembre, p. 2. , viewed 23 avr. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article116548312
Newspaper article

Black Armada by Rupert Lockwood

Book review

1976 'BLACK ARMADA by Rupert Lockwood (Australasian Book Society, 352 pp. Price: $7.95).', Tribune (Sydney, NSW : 1939 - 1991), 25 février, p. 10. , viewed 22 juil. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article236921192