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Australian Army Nurses

The Australian Army Nursing Service provided skilled nursing care to Australian soldiers from the early years of the Commonwealth through the First and Second World Wars and the British Commonwealth Occupation Force in Japan. This topic explores the service, sacrifice and professional achievements of Australian military nurses at home and overseas.

Book

An Attractive Naivety: Australia as a new nation in a complex world (Revised Edition)

An Attractive Naivety is an epic work of Australian historical fiction spanning the first half of the twentieth century. Through the lives of ordinary men and women, it traces the nation’s journey from Federation and plague to Depression, war, and uneasy peace. Interweaving fictional characters with real events, the novel explores the humour, hardship, courage and contradictions that shaped modern Australia.

Blog post

Who was Vivian Bullwinkel?

  • Vivian Bullwinkel at Tokyo War Crimes Trials
Vivian Bullwinkel was the sole survivor of the massacre of 21 nurses on Bangka Island in World War II. She spent the following three and a half years in Japanese internment camps in Sumatra. She appears in An Attractive Naivety, and in reading her diaries, notebooks, and her testimony at the Tokyo War Crimes Trials in December 1946, I was struck by her extraordinary courage and leadership. Her story is told in my historical novel, An Attractive Naivety.
Newspaper article

Rescued nurses to come by sea: recuperating at Singapore

This newspaper article reports the arrival of twenty-four Australian nurses rescued from Sumatra after more than three years of Japanese captivity. It describes their recovery in Singapore and records their reflections on life in the prison camps, including the Banka Island massacre, their resilience in captivity, and the dramatic improvement in their circumstances following Japan's surrender.

1945 'RESCUED NURSES TO COME BY SEA', Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate (NSW : 1876 - 1954), 18 septembre, p. 3. , viewed 27 juil. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article134368323
Newspaper article

Massacre on the beach

This newspaper article recounts the experiences of the Australian Army nurses rescued from Sumatra in September 1945. Through interviews with the survivors, it describes the Banka Island massacre, their years of captivity under the Japanese, their resilience in the prison camps, and the liberation that finally brought them to Singapore.

1945 'MASSACRE ON BEACH', Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate (NSW : 1876 - 1954), 18 septembre, p. 3. , viewed 27 juil. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article134368323
Newspaper article

The Japanese leopard with unchanging spots

This newspaper article recounts the Banka Island Massacre through the eyewitness testimony of survivors Wally Cake, Ernest Lloyd, Richard Wilding, Robert Seddon and Sister Vivien Bullwinkel. It describes the sinking of the Vyner Brooke, the execution of Australian Army nurses, soldiers and civilians by Japanese troops on 17 February 1942, the discovery of the victims, and the evidence that led to two Japanese officers being charged with the crime.

1946 'The Japanese leopard with unchanging spots', The Sun (Sydney, NSW : 1910 - 1954), 8 septembre, p. 4. , viewed 27 juil. 2026, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article231577023
Video

Every Inch of the Way: Vivian Bullwinkel

Documentary made for the Department of Veteran's Affairs - Vivian Bullwinkel discusses her experiences in being transferred from one camp to another. 

Producer
NFSA